Time |
Scientist/Instigator |
Achievement |
1799 |
Mary Anning (21 May 1799 – 9 March 1847) was an English fossil collector, dealer, and palaeontologist
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Discovery of the Ichthysaurs, Plesiosaurus, and many invertebrate fossil species. |
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1816 |
Marie-Sophie Germain (1 April 1776 – 27 June 1831) was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher. |
Submitted her third paper, Recherches sur la théorie des surfaces élastiques under her own name, and became the first woman to win a prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences. |
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1826 |
Mary Fairfax Somerville
(26 December 1780 – 29 November 1872) was a Scottish science writer and polymath (Caroline Herschel was first in 18th century) |
Presented a paper entitled ‘The Magnetic Properties of the Violet Rays of the Solar Spectrum’ to the Royal Society |
1832 |
Jeanne Villepreux-Power (24 September 1794 – 25 January 1871) was a pioneering French marine biologist |
The first person to create aquaria for experimenting with aquatic organisms. The first woman member of the Catania Accademia, and a correspondent member of the London Zoological Society.
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1834 |
Janet Taylor (1804–1870), was an English astronomer scientific instrument maker, and navigation expert |
Her “Mariner’s Calculator” was patented. She produced Lunar Tables for Calculating Distances. She was awarded a Civil List pension in 1860. |
1835 |
Mary Fairfax Somerville and Caroline Herschel |
Elected as Honorary Members of the Royal Astronomical Society |
1836 |
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The Deaconess Institute at Kaiserswerth was established t0 teach women nursing. |
1842 |
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, (10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852) was a British mathematician and writer |
Wrote the first computer program, for use by the Analytical Engine built by Charles Babbage. |
1843 |
Anna Atkins (16 March 1799 – 9 June 1871) was an English botanist and photographer |
Self-published her photograms in the first installment of Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions
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1847 |
Maria Mitchell (August 1, 1818 – June 28, 1889) was an American astronomer |
She discovered a comet, which was recorded as Miss Mitchell’s Comet
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1848 |
Maria Mitchell |
First woman elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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1850 |
Maria Mitchell |
First woman elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science |
1850 |
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Founding of women’s tertiary educational facility, the North London Collegiate School |
1853 |
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Founding of women’s tertiary educational facility, Cheltenham Ladies’ College |
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1860 |
Florence Nightingale |
Established the Nightingale Training School for Nurses |
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1865 |
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, LSA, MD (9 June 1836 – 17 December 1917), was an English physician and feminist. |
the first Englishwoman to qualify as a physician and surgeon in Britain. She was the co-founder of the first hospital staffed by women, the first dean of a British medical school, the first female doctor of medicine in France, the first woman in Britain to be elected to a school board and, as Mayor of Aldeburgh, the first female mayor and magistrate in Britain
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1865 |
Maria Mitchell |
Was made professor of astronomy at Vassar College, and she was also named as Director of the Vassar College Observatory. |
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1869 |
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Founding of first UK women’s university college, Girton |
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1871 |
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Founding of UK women’s university college, Newnham |
1874 |
Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (15 January 1850 – 10 February 1891) was the first major Russian female mathematician |
She presented three papers to the University of Göttingen as her doctoral dissertation. This earned her a doctorate in mathematics summa cum laude, the first woman in Europe to achieve that degree. |
1874 |
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson |
founded the first UK medical school to train women, the London School of Medicine for Women |
1879 |
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Founding of UK women’s university college, Somerville |
1881 |
Phoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton (28 April 1854 – 23 August 1923) was an English engineer, mathematician, physicist, and inventor. |
Successfully completed an external examination and received a B.Sc. degree from the University of London
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1884 |
Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya |
Appointed to a five-year position as Professor Extraordinarius (Professor without Chair) and became the editor of Acta Mathematica.
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1886 |
Dorothea Klumpke Roberts (August 9, 1861 in San Francisco – October 5, 1942 ) was an astronomer. |
Made Director of the Bureau of Measurements at the Paris Observatory for the production of a star atlas.
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1889 |
Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya |
Appointed Professor Ordinarius at Stockholm University, the first woman to hold such a position at a northern European university |
1889 |
Dorothea Klumpke Roberts |
first recipient of the “Prix de Dames” from the Sociétié des Astronomique de France |
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1891 |
Annie Russell Maunder (14 April 1868 – 15 September 1947) was an Irish astronomer and mathematician. |
began work at the Greenwich Royal Observatory, serving as one of the “lady computers” |
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1893 |
Dorothea Klumpke Roberts |
First woman to be made an Officier d’Académe of the French Academy of Sciences AND she read her doctoral thesis, “L’étude des Anneaux de Saturne” to a large audience of academics at the Sorbonne, and was awarded the degree of Docteur-és-Sciences; the first woman to do so. |
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1896 |
Dorothea Klumpke Roberts |
sailed to Norway on the Norwegian vessel Norse King, to observe the solar eclipse of August 9, 1896
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1897 |
Helen Beatrix Potter (28 July 1866 – 22 December 1943) was an English author, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist |
submitted a paper, On the Germination of the Spores of the Agaricineae, to the Linnean Society. Was unable to be taken seriously as an academic and turned to children’s writing.
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1898 |
Annie Russell Maunder |
She photographed the outer solar corona from India in 1898, then published The Heavens and their Story with her husband as coauthor. She was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in November 1916. |
1899 |
Phoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton |
At the International Congress of Women held in London, Hertha presided over the physical science section.
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1899 |
Margaret Lindsay, Lady Huggins (born 14 August 1848, Dublin – died 24 March 1915, London), was an Irish-English scientific investigator and astronomer. |
co-authored the Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra with her husband, William Huggins. |
1902 |
Phoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton |
Published The Electric Arc, a summary of her research and work on the electric arc. |
1904 |
Phoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton |
Became the first woman to read a paper before the Royal Society. |
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Phoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton |
was awarded the Royal Society‘s prestigious Hughes Medal “for her experimental investigations on the electric arc, and also on sand ripples”. |
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